PERANG PROKSI KONTEMPORER ARAB SAUDI-IRAN SEBAGAI BENTUK TURBULENSI TIMUR TENGAH: SEBUAH ANALISIS GEOPOLITIK
Abstract
Kondisi Timur Tengah pada dasawarsa terakhir diwarnai dengan aneka konflik bersenjata. Ratusan ribu warga sipil menjadi korban, sementara belum ada tanda-tanda konflik mencapai fase akhir. Berbagai usaha perdamaian pun majal, menjadi indikasi adanya adu kepentingan yang telah mengakar kuat di kawasan ini. Arab Saudi dan Iran menjadi dua aktor kunci dalam turbulensi di Timur Tengah dalam dasawarsa terakhir. Keduanya berada dalam posisi permainan kekuatan demi memenuhi kepentingan masing-masing di kawasan, dengan melakukan perang proksi. Kondisi ini ditengarai menjadi casus belli sejumlah konflik di Timur Tengah—yang dalam perkembangannya juga melibatkan negara-negara sekutu masing-masing. Meskipun begitu, pada hakikatnya, persaingan politik antara Arab Saudi dan Iran telah berlangsung sejak lebih dari tiga dasawarsa, yang dalam beberapa waktu terakhir mengalami peningkatan. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk menganalisis perang proksi tersebut dengan sudut pandang studi geopolitik dan geostrategi. Fokus dari tulisan ini adalah strategi masing-masing negara dalam mempertahankan kepentingan masing-masing di kawasan sekaligus menjadi penyebab turbulensi di Timur Tengah. Tulisan ini pula percaya bahwa kedua belah pihak menjadi aktor utama perimbangan kekuatan (balance of power) dalam rangka mencapai hegemoni regional.
Kata kunci: Arab Saudi, Iran, hegemoni regional, perang proksi
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