Formula Konversi Suara Sainte Lague dan Dampaknya pada Sistem Kepartaian: Evaluasi Pemilu Serentak 2019

Mouliza Kristhopher Donna Sweinstani

Abstract

Dalam sebuah negara demokrasi, pilihan dari sistem pemilu perlu untuk dipilih dan dirumuskan secara komprehensif karena masing-masing memiliki konsekuensi politik yang berbeda. Tidak terkecuali di Indonesia, perubahan unsur sistem pemilu pada Pemilu Serentak 2019 juga memiliki konkuensinya tersendiri. Salah satu perubahan yang menarik untuk dikaji lebih dalam adalah perubahan formula elektoral dari Hare LR menjadi Sainte Lague (SLM). Dengan melakukan simulasi penghitugan formula Hare LR, SLM, dan dua alternatif lain, yaitu d’Hondt dan Hungarian Sainte Lague, diketahui bahwa SLM memberikan dampak yang nyaris identik dengan Hare LR dalam hal jumlah partai politik yang potensial dihasilkan. SLM masih berpotensi besar menghasilkan multipartai ekstrem karena formula ini tidak dapat secara optimal menyederhanakan partai politik terpilih. Kondisi ini tentunya membuat perubahan formula ini masih belum sejalan dengan kepentingan penguatan sistem presidensialisme yang memerlukan adanya penyederhanaan partai. Oleh karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan perlunya perubahan formula elektoral dalam sistem daftar proporsional yang diterapkan di Indonesia. Dengan memperhatikan LSq dan BONUSRAT, studi ini merekomendasikan formula Hungarian Sainte Lague sebagai alternatif formula elektoral yang dapat digunakan di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Formula Elektoral, Hare LR, Sainte Lague, Sistem Kepartaian

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