Accelerating Post-Pandemic Recovery: The Strategic Role Of Civil Society In Bali
Abstract
Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has given significant impacts to people's lives. The order of the community's social life—in terms of economic, social, political, and cultural—has experienced significant changes in its efforts to deal with the pandemic. Besides impacting public health, the economic downturn due to the pandemic has put pressure on society. Most people in Bali, who economically relied on the tourism sector, nonetheless felt a much greater impact during this time. After nearly two years of dealing with the pandemic, people demand a change in the way of life through great societal adjustments for their recovery. The state's strengthened role was not enough to mitigate this situation. At this point, civil society has a strategic role in accelerating the recovery of people's social life. This paper argues that civil society can play an important role in helping the recovery of social life and the economic sector of citizens. Therefore, this research seeks to examine the strategic role of civil society after the COVID-19 pandemic in Bali using the case study method. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and observations with key civil society actors. Learning from the Bali case, this research shows that the civil society has great potential in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abers, R. N., Rossi, F., & Von Bülow, M. (2021). State–society relations in uncertain times: Social movement strategies, ideational contestation and the pandemic in Brazil and Argentina. International Political Science Review, 42(3), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512121993713
Anheier, Helmut K., Markus Lang, and Stefan Toepler (2019). Civil society in times of change: shrinking, changing and expanding spaces and the need for new regulatory approaches. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 13 (2019-8): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-8
Anggawi, S. M. (2021). “Punk food”: activism between climate and Covid crisis. Social Anthropology, 29(1), 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12992
Apriliyanti, I. D., Utomo, W. P., & Purwanto, E. A. (2021). Examining the policy narratives and the role of the media in policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1954770
Bayuo, B. B., Chaminade, C., & Göransson, B. (2020). Unpacking the role of universities in the emergence, development and impact of social innovations – A systematic review of the literature. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 120030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120030
Carlsen, H. B., Toubøl, J., & Brincker, B. (2021). On solidarity and volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis in Denmark: The impact of social networks and social media groups on support distribution. European Societies, 23(sup1), S122–S140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1818270
Chui, C. H., & Ko, A. I. (2021). Converging humanitarian technology and social work in a public health crisis: a social innovation response to COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 31(1–2), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2020.1790412
Galego, D., Moulaert, F., Brans, M., & Santinha, G. (2021). Social innovation & governance: a scoping review. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(2), 265–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2021.1879630
Djalante, R., Lassa, J., Setiamarga, D., Sudjatma, A., Indrawan, M., Haryanto, B., Mahfud, C., Sinapoy, M. S., Djalante, S., Rafliana, I., Gunawan, L. A., Surtiari, G. A. K., & Warsilah, H. (2020). Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Progress in Disaster Science, 6, 100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091
Doğan, E., & Genç, H. D. (2021). Early-Responding Civil Society and a Late Coming State: Findings from Turkey during the Pandemic. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0049
Duque Franco, I., Ortiz, C., Samper, J., & Millan, G. (2020). Mapping repertoires of collective action facing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in Latin American cities. Environment and Urbanization, 32(2), 523–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820944823
Fealy, G. (2020). Jokowi in the Covid-19 Era: Repressive Pluralism, Dynasticism, and the Overbearing State. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(3), 301–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1846482
Franco, I. B., Ortiz, C. U., Samper, J., & Millán, G. (2020). Mapping repertoires of collective action facing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in Latin American cities. Environment and Urbanization, 32(2), 523–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820944823
Gaventa, J. (2022). Repertoires of Citizen Action in Hybrid Settings. Development Policy Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12663
Harris, M. (2021). Familiar Patterns and New Initiatives: UK Civil Society and Government Initial Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0044
Jati, Wasisto Raharjo. (2022). The Impact Of Ongoing Pandemic Covid-19 On Indonesian Democracy: Democratic Breakdown, Political Inequality, And Deepening Clientelism. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, Volume 19 No.1 Juni 2022
Jeong, B. G., & Kim, S.-J. (2021). The Government and Civil Society Collaboration against COVID-19 in South Korea: A Single or Multiple Actor Play? Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 165–187. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0051
Kövér, Á. (2021). The Relationship between Government and Civil Society in the Era of COVID-19. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2021-0007
Kövér, Á., Antal, A., & Deák, I. (2021). Civil Society and COVID-19 in Hungary: The Complete Annexation of Civil Space. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 93–126. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0060
Leap, B., Stalp, M. C., & Kelly, K. A. (2022). Raging Against the “Neoliberal Hellscape”: Anger, Pride, and Ambivalence in Civil Society Responses to the COVID‐19 Pandemic in the USA. Antipode, 54(4), 1166–1187. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12813
Lele, G. (2021). Concurrency as crisis decision-making governance: Lessons from Indonesia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regional & Federal Studies, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1960513
McGee, R. (2022). The governance shock doctrine: Civic space in the pandemic. Development Policy Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12678
Mietzner, M. (2020). Populist Anti-Scientism, Religious Polarisation, and Institutionalised Corruption: How Indonesia’s Democratic Decline Shaped Its COVID-19 Response. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(2), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103420935561
Mudhoffir, A. M., & Hadiz, V. R. (2021). Social Resilience Against COVID-19 Masks Indonesian Class Divide. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 22(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1353/gia.2021.0014
Meyer, M., Millner, R., Pennerstorfer, A., & Vandor, P. (2021). Partnership in Times of COVID-19: Government and Civil Society in Austria. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 65–92. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0052
Montgomery, T. and Mazzei, M. (2021), "Two paths of social innovation in the post-pandemic world", Social Enterprise Journal, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 450-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-03-2021-0018
Nicholls, A., Simon, J., Gabriel, M., & Whelan, C. (2015). New Frontiers in Social Innovation Research (1st ed. 2015 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Nugroho, Y., & Negara, S. D. (2020). Urgent Need to Strengthen State Capacity: Learning from Indonesia’s COVID-19 Crisis. 2020, 10.
Pallas, C. L., & Sidel, M. (2020). Foreign Aid Reduction and Local Civil Society: Recent Research and Policy Guidance for Donors and International NGOs. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2019-0045
Putera, P. B., Widianingsih, I., Ningrum, S., Suryanto, S., & Rianto, Y. (2022). Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy perspective. Health Policy and Technology, 11(3), 100650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100650
Pradana, M., Rubiyanti, N., S., W., Hasbi, I., & Utami, D. G. (2020). Indonesia’s fight against COVID-19: The roles of local government units and community organisations. Local Environment, 25(9), 741–743. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2020.1811960
Suryawan, I Ngurah (2022) "Desa Mawacara, Negara Mawatata: Bali’s Customary Village-Based State Policies in the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic," Jurnal Politik: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 2. DOI: 10.7454/jp.v6i1.328
Setijadi, C. (2021). The Pandemic as Political Opportunity: Jokowi’s Indonesia in the Time of Covid-19. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 57(3), 297–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2021.2004342
Schmid, H. (2021). Reflections on the Relationship between the Government and Civil Society Organizations during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Israeli Case. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2021-0003
Sparrow, R., Dartanto, T., & Hartwig, R. (2020). Indonesia Under the New Normal: Challenges and the Way Ahead. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(3), 269–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079
Swati, Banerjee., Stephen, Carney., & Lars, Hulgård. (Eds). (2020). People Centered Social Innovation: Global Perspectives on an Emerging Paradigm. New York: Routledge.
Tandon, R., & Aravind, R. (2021). Source of Life or Kiss of Death: Revisiting State-Civil Society Dynamics in India during COVID-19 Pandemic. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0045
Timoria, I. F. (2021, May 23). Vaksinasi di Bali Paling Cepat, Begini Penjelasan Pemerintah... Solopos.com. https://www.solopos.com/vaksinasi-di-bali-paling-cepat-begini-penjelasan-pemerintah-1127025
Voorberg, W. H., Bekkers, V. J. J. M., & Tummers, L. G. (2015). A Systematic Review of Co-Creation and Co-Production: Embarking on the social innovation journey. Public Management Review, 17(9), 1333–1357. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2014.930505
Youngs, S. B. T. C. R. (2020, April 21). Civil Society and the Coronavirus: Dynamism Despite Disruption. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/04/21/civil-society-and-coronavirus-dynamism-despite-disruption-pub-81592
Zimmer, A., & Priller, E. (2021). A Patchwork Quilt of Programs. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 12(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0050
Website
Andrianto, R. (2022). Dua Tahun Pandemi, Ekonomi Bali Ngenes Sekali... CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220308120609-4-320904/dua-tahun-pandemi-ekonomi-bali-ngenes-sekali
Asmara, C. G. (2020). Pasien Pertama Positif Corona Meninggal di RSUP Sanglah Bali. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200311155633-4-144129/pasien-pertama-positif-corona-meninggal-di-rsup-sanglah-bali
Folia, R. (2021, March 2). Menolak Lupa: Setahun Pandemi di Indonesia, Ini Daftar Pernyataan “Unik” Pejabat Kita. www.vice.com. https://www.vice.com/id/article/93w7ga/daftar-pernyataan-dan-guyonan-nyeleneh-pejabat-indonesia-selama-setahun-pandemi-covid-19
Kemlu.go.id. (2020, December 12). Peran Masyarakat Madani Dan Media Dalam Mengawal Prinsip Demokrasi Kunci Keberhasilan Pemulihan Dan Pasca Pandemi). | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. Kemlu.go.id. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/3158/view/peran-masyarakat-madani-dan-media-dalam-mengawal-prinsip-demokrasi-kunci-keberhasilan-pemulihan-dan-pasca-pandemi).
Ma, N. (2020, December 21). Atasi COVID-19, Kemendagri Gelar Konsultasi Publik dengan LSM & Ormas. Detiknews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5303463/atasi-covid-19-kemendagri-gelar-konsultasi-publik-dengan-lsm--ormas
Muhajir, A. (2020, September 21). Desa Tembok Justru Menjadikan Pandemi sebagai Energi. BaleBengong.id. https://balebengong.id/desa-tembok-justru-menjadikan-pandemi-sebagai-energi/
Nugraha, Aulia Rahman. Kumparan. (2020, February 10). Peneliti Harvard Prediksi Virus Corona Sudah Masuk Indonesia. Kumparan. https://kumparan.com/kumparansains/peneliti-harvard-prediksi-virus-corona-sudah-masuk-indonesia-1soDN9GIZXb/full
Ramadhan, Devi Nindy Sari. (2021, October 25). BNPB evaluasi hasil riset kebencanaan untuk kebijakan pulihkan Bali. antaranews.com.. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2479813/bnpb-evaluasi-hasil-riset-kebencanaan-untuk-kebijakan-pulihkan-bali
Ramadhian, Nabilla. (2021, June 8). Apa Itu Work From Bali? Ini Penjelasan Lengkapnya. KOMPAS.com. https://travel.kompas.com/read/2021/06/08/123930227/apa-itu-work-from-bali-ini-penjelasan-lengkapnya?page=1
Samodro, D. (2020, May 15). Kitabisa.com: Terkumpul RP130 Miliar Untuk Bantuan Covid-19. Antara News. Retrieved November 24, 2022, from https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1493376/kitabisacom-terkumpul-rp130-miliar-untuk-bantuan-covid-19
Virdhani, Marieska Harya. (2022, January 13). Catatan Perjalanan Vaksinasi, Jokowi Jadi Orang Pertama Hingga Booster. JawaPos.com.
https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/13/01/2022/catatan-perjalanan-vaksinasi-jokowi-jadi-orang-pertama-hingga-booster/
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.